The Gokyo no Waza: The Foundation of Judo Techniques

Judo, often referred to as "The Gentle Way," is a martial art deeply rooted in discipline, strategy, and precision. At the heart of Judo lies the Gokyo no Waza, a system of categorized throwing techniques that serve as the foundation for every practitioner. Developed over a century ago, the Gokyo no Waza remains essential for mastering the art of Judo.

In this post, we’ll explore the fascinating history of the Gokyo no Waza, break down its structure, and highlight why it continues to be the cornerstone of Judo training.

What is the Gokyo no Waza?

The term Gokyo no Waza translates to "Five Levels of Techniques" and refers to a structured syllabus of 40 core throwing techniques. Each level, or kyo, introduces techniques that gradually increase in complexity, helping Judoka progress systematically. It is a blueprint for learning and mastering Judo throws, from basic movements to advanced maneuvers.

The History of the Gokyo no Waza

1. Origins

The Gokyo no Waza was first created in 1895 by Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo, along with senior instructors at the Kodokan dojo in Tokyo. Kano envisioned a structured system that could teach Judo techniques safely and systematically while embodying the martial art’s philosophy of mutual benefit and maximum efficiency.

2. Revisions and Updates

The original Gokyo no Waza underwent significant revisions in 1920 to adapt the techniques for greater safety and practicality. This updated framework of 40 throws has since become the standard for Kodokan Judo worldwide.

3. Global Recognition

As Judo spread internationally, the Gokyo no Waza became the cornerstone of its teaching. The framework was instrumental in Judo’s acceptance as an Olympic sport in 1964, showcasing its effectiveness and universal appeal.

Core Principles in the Gokyo

Each throw within the Gokyo no Waza is executed using three essential principles:

• Kuzushi (Breaking Balance): The act of unbalancing your opponent to create an opening for the throw.

• Tsukuri (Entry): Proper positioning to ensure maximum efficiency in executing the technique.

• Kake (Execution): The final motion to complete the throw.

Breaking Down the Gokyo no Waza

The Five Levels

The Gokyo no Waza consists of five levels, each containing eight techniques. These levels progress from fundamental to advanced, ensuring a balanced and structured approach to learning Judo.

• First Kyo (Dai Ikkyo): Fundamental Techniques
  These foundational throws focus on basic balance-breaking and leverage.

  • Example: Osoto Gari (Major Outer Reap)

• Second Kyo (Dai Nikyo): Intermediate Techniques
  These throws require improved precision and timing.

  • Example: Ko Uchi Gari (Minor Inner Reap)

• Third Kyo (Dai Sankyo): Advanced Techniques
  Techniques here emphasize dynamic movements and flexibility.

  • Example: Uchi Mata (Inner Thigh Throw)

• Fourth Kyo (Dai Yonkyo): Specialized Techniques
  These throws focus on advanced balance-breaking and grip work.

  • Example: Tsurikomi Goshi (Lifting Pulling Hip Throw)

• Fifth Kyo (Dai Gokyo): Complex Techniques
  The final level includes highly technical and sophisticated throws.

  • Example: Yoko Guruma (Side Wheel)

Why is the Gokyo no Waza Important?

1. A Foundation for Progression

The Gokyo no Waza provides Judoka with a clear path for learning. Beginners start with simple throws and gradually build their skills to handle more complex techniques.

2. Ensuring Safety in Practice

The structured nature of the Gokyo no Waza emphasizes safe practice, making it an ideal framework for beginners.

3. Global Consistency

The Gokyo no Waza serves as a universal teaching tool, ensuring that practitioners worldwide learn Judo in a consistent manner.

4. Fostering Mastery of Judo Principles

Every technique in the Gokyo emphasizes balance, timing, and efficiency, helping Judoka internalize the core values of Judo.

Fun Facts About the Gokyo no Waza

1. Not the Entire Kodokan Syllabus:
   While the Gokyo no Waza forms the core syllabus, Kodokan Judo also includes additional techniques like the Shimmeisho no Waza (Newly Accepted Techniques).

2. Historical Adaptations:
   Some original techniques were removed for safety reasons but are still practiced in traditional settings.

3. Inspiration for Modern Martial Arts:
   The principles of the Gokyo influenced other grappling-based martial arts, such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.

How to Get Started with the Gokyo no Waza

1. Join a Kodokan-Affiliated Dojo:
   Look for a dojo that teaches traditional Kodokan Judo to ensure you’re learning the Gokyo techniques properly.

2. Focus on Fundamentals:
   Begin with the first kyo, practicing basic throws like Osoto Gari and Deashi Harai (Advancing Foot Sweep).

3. Learn Kuzushi and Ukemi:
   Mastering balance-breaking (kuzushi) and falling techniques (ukemi) will set you up for success with every throw.

Conclusion

The Gokyo no Waza is more than just a list of techniques—it is the heart of Judo’s legacy. By understanding its history and structure, Judoka can appreciate the depth of this martial art and build a strong foundation for lifelong learning.

Whether you’re a beginner exploring the basics or an advanced practitioner refining your skills, the Gokyo no Waza offers endless opportunities for growth. Dive into this timeless system and discover the beauty of Judo, one throw at a time.